As the Fat Protocol thesis posits, value in blockchains would mostly accumulate at the base protocol layer rather than the application layer. For a while, this seemed to be true. While borderless DeFi ...

What is a network protocol? Most textbook writers state something like this: A network protocol is a set of guidelines or standards for the operation of network devices, the methods of operation, and ...

Layer-3 blockchains refer to a layer of blockchain technology built on top of base layers to provide customized application-specific blockchains tailored to users’ needs. Typically, L2s intend to ...

At the core of blockchain networks lies a fundamental architectural principle called layering. Layering in blockchain refers to organizing different functionalities and protocols into separate layers, ...

Welcome to Hard Fork Basics, a collection of tips, tricks, guides, and advice to keep you up to date in the cryptocurrency and blockchain world. In previous Hard Fork basics articles we’ve mentioned ...

Most protocols use layered architectures to some degree, layers that you can manipulate to achieve your optimal design. Optimizing the placement of these layers, you can achieve efficient code ...

Welcome! Throughout this course, Network Systems Foundations, you will delve into the fundamental layers of network communication. You will start with a thorough discussion of the Link Layer and its ...